Nomura Family Story

I Tokushichi Nomura, Nomura Securities founder of the son of a samurai and his assistant. He was born in 1860. Because it is not recognized her father, she got her name Nomura.Pada age of ten years, he worked on Yahei Osakaya, a money changer. Duties include sweeping and watering the street in front of the store so that the employer is not dusty. Otherwise he is not  lazy and shop owners will not sell. Then he was given the task to train  circling  money. Heavy coins needed for everyday transactions. Money exchanged for silver or bronze coins exchanged for silver coins.
Money changer plays an important role in the Japanese economy. At that time the rice trade is a major business in Osaka when the means of payment that is silver, while the gold in Tokyo. Money changer that change the rice into silver or gold with a determined rate.
Nomura Tokushichi 21 years old when he was adopted officially by Yahei Osakaya 1871. Osakaya died one year later. Tokushichi inherited his business and two-story store. The family company was renamed Nomura Shoten (Nomura store). He got married to the daughter of a merchant family that could replace him when he is away.
Late 19th century Japanese economy developed rapidly, among others, thanks to the emergence of banks. In 1872 the bank was issuing stock. Issuance of share capital was not to form, but to divide the property. Even Tokshichi Nomura conservative in business, he feels that the new development can not be ignored.
In 1878 he entered the Osaka Securities Exchanges changernya money for business. Not to make a profit. Dated August 7, 1878 his first son was born, Tokushichi Nomura II. Tokushichi Nomura II or commonly called Shinnosuke has one older sister, two younger sisters and a younger brother named Jitsusaburo. Health Shinnosuke not baik.Pada age of 18 he was stricken with pneumonia and was forced to quit school. He did not go to school again, but called on his father to learn to share. His father did not agree because they think the stock trading as gambling. However Tokushichi finally gave her permission internship Yasuhiro Shoten, the company's shares trade law in 1878.
Moment after the Chinese-Japanese war I, the stock rose rapidly. All wanted to play the stock, including Shinnosuke who do not have money. When the law goes, he opened the company's vault and took 500 yen (more than the average employee salary intermediate one year). He went to the market to buy stocks based on rumors. It turns out the purchased shares plummeted. No wonder that in-law was furious and complained to the law. His father was returning 500 yen. At age 20, the future king of the unemployed stock brokers and puppy. The act was repeated again when allowed to work in his father's Nomura Shoten. Tokushichi should bear 1,500 yen to be paid her when one of speculation. Shinnosuke blurred by taking stock of his father's money box. He needs to think of introspection bad luck, he wrote in a note left behind. As before, Shinnosuke back beggar.
After three years of military service, Shinnosuke back in 1902 to work in his father's money changer shop as general manager. Three years he developed the company of family and business learning stock. In February, 1904, Japan declared war on Russia. Tokushichi felt it was time to expand into peruahaan broker Nomura Shoten. He has seen the development of China's stock-Japanese War, eight years earlier, but this time he was not old enough to take advantage of the opportunity. Her father had bought into the idea that after his mother died.
Nomura Shoten converted into Tokushichi Nomura Shoten. That year he also married the daughter of a wealthy merchant father's choice. Shinnosuke has two sons, Yoshitaro and Tokio. Nomura trading instinct was correct. In 1905 he earned 20,000 yen borrowed from his father. Nomura came to the conclusion that the best way for a business is to hire people who could see the bowels of the company, talk to the manager and if you can follow stock prices in Japan and in the world. For that he hired an investigator reporter, Kisaku Hashimoto, to lead the research section. He became the first research analyst in Japan.
The story of cleverness Tokushichi kissed money, make Nomura Shoten added selling. Tokushichi Nomura I, died in 1908 at the age of 58 years.
The first step son who had studied abroad is to tour America for five months. The goal is to restructure part of the research is divided into four sections: research, statistics, editing and translation. Translate the Japanese document into English is important to allow Nomura to trade foreign securities. Of note is the attempt purel. He took out 10,000 yen a month for the stock market comment load in the local paper. In 1909 six of the 30 employees of Nomura Shoten was a bachelor. Exercise is very tight and come to a meeting Sunday night study is a must.
Tokushichi bebarapa times will be appointed as finance minister, but the offer was rejected. First because his good friend, Rich Okinori, occupying the post and also considered the position of the task because they dare to die. During the opening of the branch continues.
Tokushichi sister, died of pneumonia. Though their relationship is good, and he is a reliable surrogate. Spring of 1928, Tokio Nomura, Tokushichi son, died in a car accident. Two years later, Minoru Nomura, Jatsusaburo eldest son, sister Tokushichi, died while skiing in the Alps America. Family tragedy that has hindered the expansion of Nomura Partnership. Tokushichi himself died on January 13, 1945, of a heart attack at the age of 67 years. Nomura Zaibatsu sembulan months later disbanded.
Six months after the death of his father, Yoshitaro a first heart attack. He died on August 24 of that year. Ten days after World War II ended, Fumihade Nomura, eldest son and grandson of the founder Nomura Yoshitaro Zaibatsu, was appointed as titular head of the entire family. 12 years old at that time. Four months later, the government froze all property Nomura ally, because the allies tactics to break the Japanese conglomerate. Most wealth Nomura rescued, but now the family has only a fraction of Nomura Securities.

Nomura, the Japanese Giant Brokerage

Nomura

Remarkably Nomura Securities not just in Japan, but also in the size of the world. Suppose Nomura Securities stop buying U.S. treasury bonds, the U.S. economy will have trouble.When Kenichi Fukuhara of brokerage firm Nomura invited to lunch by a wealthy shopkeeper, he was delighted. It's a great opportunity. In the menu listed fugu  dishes, fish dishes are expensive and only served on special occasions. "I cook it myself," said the host, pointing to a fish dish that could bring the death, if not cleaned properly. Fukuhara dilemma, it will be rejected cuisine is a big insult and he was not going to get orders. However devoured also toying with death. Fukuhara think fast. Poisoning if he still took an hour to be transported to the hospital. He chose the latter. He ate with the bold portion. Finished eating, the owner of the store laughing, fugu was not made itself, but is made by a professional sushi chef. "However, because of your courage, from now on I want to do business with you." That's the experience of a retail broker in 1977.Personal relationships are very important in the quest for order. Household and corporate Japan demands humility from a broker before giving orders. The trick sometimes outrageous as did Mrs Watanabe, the wife of a wealthy businessman in the Yokohama area. He could instill her husband's salary in stock and bond Japan. Like many other housewives, Watanabe family visited a few times a week is tough brokers. However, he is only six to seven times a year to give orders to brokers who favored. According to the message he had given him permission brokers entered the house after she washed the family car in summer or shoveling snow path in winter season. Ny. Watanabe also had another experience. One morning came salesman from Kokusai Securities offered Nippon Steel shares are expected to rise. After giving a great and memorable testimony, he says thanks to Mrs. Watanabe and goodbye. It is also experienced by a young salesman knocked on the door of Nomura Securities. Ny. Watanabe also thanked the message that he would nearly think first. Suddenly the young man sobbing. "What is it?" asked Mrs. Watanabe. With a broken voice he said, "My boss bepesan that I do not have to go back without orders. Beruaha I've hard, but no one wants to buy shares from me." Ny. Watanabe tried to console the young man. "Already, quiet. I would buy shares from you. When you return to the office, I belikanlah 10,000 shares of Nippon Steel." People Nomura stopped crying and leaving Ny. Watanabe with whacky attitude. He returned to the office. For the first time he was able to go home at 19:00.Quota 

Nomura securities

It is not a story about imaginary quota. A manager who exceed their quota Nomura could not long have fun. Performance is expected to rise next month. The quota is rising constantly and make Nomura in the late eighties to a giant like now. Branch manager who did not achieve daily and weekly quotas would be 'shepherd slaves. "Even in Europe. False seoerang Japanese salesman, a man, was not given a seat in the office, so he was forced to stand-up like a schoolgirl. Every day for two months he came to his customers until he reached the quota. "vending machine" Nomura was not only terdidri the men, there are also women. Nomura train the women to provide simple information about stocks, bonds, and investment trusts, while the salesman calling on a matter- more important questions such as the prospect and customer accounts. female workforce is more than 9000 people. In the fifties they are housewives who work on commission cut-off time. every branch of hiring women as it cut the time to collect money and to berugas in place as specified in the grocery store Daimaru and Matsuzakaya. goal is to persuade other women to invest their money in stocks. problem is in Japanese society, women who manage the family budget. Nomura also take a beautiful woman is not just to make money, but also to be used as a potential wife for colleagues male counterparts who have to work hard. According to the personnel, the average age of incoming gais Nomura is 20 years old and five years later they were able to capture the man Nomura. problem is assistant sales and sales force to work so hard, so they do not have enough time to looking for a life partner outside of Nomura. Companies assume that task seriously. direct boss often bertindah as matchmaker. Apparently more than 40% of men married to women Nomura.
Nomura.Save 

How to aggressive sales to small investors include Nomura style since the beginning. More than half of the company's income derived from small savers. Since Tokushichi Nomura II in 1898 first time riding a bike down the streets of Osaka, the company is not standing still. Nomura now has five million customers in addition to 200,000 probadi company. Nomura creates a variety of ways to get new customers. 1953 created "a million ryo savings box". Ryo is an ancient form of Japanese money. Every Japanese person wanted to have a million ryo. To give the illusion that the dream could become a reality, Nomura make thousands of traditional wooden coffers that could be filled with 1,000 10 yen coin. Savings locked boxes were then peddled from house to house and may be borrowed. If the box is already filled more than half, salesman Nomura was called upon to carry a key. Savings were then exchanged for one share Nomura. That the work was not easy to tell by Tetsuo Okumura. As a new salesman at Nomura, he must mengelilingkan box it in Tokyo. Its main target is the wealthy owner of a sushi shop. As a result he had to eat at six stores sushi every day and after eating he would ask the owner, if he could leave the box in the store. Tetsuo Okumura estimates he has about 500 stores eating sushi before being transferred to another place. Money box was a huge success, in 1962 more than one million Japanese families already have a box like that. Even more importantly, the Nomura's net profit in 1959 amounted to 700,000 yen rose to four billion in 1961.Keep in mind that the salesman did not ride off duty after he managed to sell the stock. Done that he has to convince the customer to hand over the shares at Nomura Securities. Therein Nomura could dredge a lot of money. Because there is an administration charge sebesari nearly 1% (including commissions to buy or sell stocks and bonds) for all securities deposited. Besides being able to control the market. Nomura also know where there is a lot of stock. To encourage customers to persuade the salesman handed personal stake, they create what is called a "club ten billion yen". Salesman who have accumulated assets worth ten billion yen of its customers can be anggoata. Depending on the type of shares, Nomura could get more than $ 750,000 a year from each member of the "ten billion yen". Many of their salary under $ 40,000 a year. Being a member also of prestige, because among other things the salesman could eat with the president at Nomura Nomura Club. But there is also a wish to hold their own. As a result, at the time of payment of dividends, there are people who take the company to the stock pile to take the money. For retail brokerage customers as it should submit its own contract when purchased shares. Three days later, the stock must be delivered and paid for. The salesman will come again with a black bag to hand over the share certificate and returned with a bag full of cash. Stock certainly can not keep up. If the stock goes down, Nomura suggested that apologies only and do not insist on defending the fallen stock or try to calm angry customers. Once there was a customer who borrowed money to buy shares and the price drops. The salesman should ask for additional money for margin requirements. Facing angry investor is risk brokerage profession. Nomura salesman recounts, when he had to charge me the extra money from a customer whose stock value plummeted. Incidentally customers veteran grandfather War I. Grandfather was chased up the road by samurai. Until then he had to go back, crawling thousand yen to collect a sheet that spread the grandfather in his garden.OrderIn the days of the American occupation, the Japanese conglomerate fourteen threatened disbanded, including Nomura. The reason is, because they are considered financiers Japanese imperialism. U.S. investigators also surprised because the four largest zaibatsu control a quarter of the company's paid-up capital of Japan. Half of the financial sector and a third of heavy industry under their control. By dissolving holding companies and subsidiaries formally. Deferred salary and property confiscated. The allies noted Nomura family household goods and reputedly even shoe cupboard is also calculated. Before that, Nomura has a trading company and even plantations in Kalimantan. However, Nomura managed to bounce back thanks to the creativity and tenacity of some talented entrepreneur. Though battered Nomura during World War II. Half of the fourteen branches damaged by bombing or burning. Only office in Kyoto, Niigata and Sapporo are still intact. Nomura many people were killed or wounded during the war and half of the 800 salesman of pre-war back in 1945. Foreign office in the former colonial town Dalien Mukden in Manchuria and taken over Russia and China. Never heard of the news headlines again in Manchuria employees. Most of them are expected to be included forced labor camps of Siberia to death. Legal stock trading stop on 25 September 1945, when the supreme ruler of Supreme Allied Command ally, cover all main board and the newly opened again in May 1949. That does not mean that the stock business stalled. As long as the shares are sold at an informal meeting and occupation soldiers pretended not to know. In December 1945, the crowded market added, because people sell stocks to buy food. Nomura sees opportunities. They can sell the individual shares to wealthy institutions. If a salesman gets an order from an institution, he should send a messenger who had fled to Japan Securities Building, an old building near the Tokyo Stock Exchange, where gathering thirty stock traders. Yokyo stock exchange space, can not be used because it was taken over by the Americans to be a sports hall, said Shoshu Kawashima, a salesman who later became president of Nomura Securities Kokusai. If a Tokyo stock market into the gym, Osaka bourse building in Kitahama converted into U.S. hospitals. Building the back of the room is made of the patient's bed, while the main stock perdangangan space converted into a dance rang. No man is allowed to enter the Japanese dance hall and in front of the security guards posted Pinti to avoid people sneaking masuk.Selama fall of 1945, seven Osaka merchants began trading stocks in narrow spaces near the stock exchange. At that time the salesman had to work hard to earn money for his company. What is important is not the food trade stock. Even if the stock market does not officially exist Tokyo, the Nikkei-index called the Dow Jones Average was recorded in the newspapers every day. Its trend up from 65 in the fall of 1946 to 700 when the market was opened back in 1949. Gradually the new shares began to appear during the government began the process of dissolution of the conglomerate and hundreds subsidiaries. Before the war, when the shares are held by the founding family, is mostly done trading stock futures trading is speculative rather than physical stock. Since the opening of the Tokyo Stock Exchange in 1878, most of Japan's stock trading in stock futures do. Traders do not buy the stock and immediately pay after receiving the goods, they are betting tetapai how shares will be developing States within three months. Money paid at that time. Because the October 1945 stock market operator waited hundreds of money that was promised three months earlier.GiftLooking for suitable office space in downtown Tokyo that has been shattered, is not easy. Most offices, including Nomura, did not have air conditioning in the summer and no heating in the winter. Only a few offices that have electricity were heating. Commonly used kerosene heaters. Young children at Nomura gets extra money to clean the heater axis. Electric heating is also not practical, because the little electric power. Evenings at Nomura's office often have lit a candle due to power failure. At that time there is no teletext and telegrams. Messages must be written in shorthand to save costs. Most orders received from customers and reported himself. Beginning of the 1950s that Nomura was dominated by two great figures: Tsunao Okumura and Minoru Segawa. Okumura get first fortune after the war by turning a Hollywood movie in the army barracks. The ticket price of 40 yen and the room is always full. Apparently the new Japan was hit by misfortune to forget reality for a moment. No wonder that Okimura rich fast. Segawa forward because his skills on the black market in the unofficial market at that time. One of the difficulties faced by Tsunao Okumura, when he took the reins of leadership of Nomura in 1948, because at the time it was not enough phone lines in the office of Nomura Tokyo, Nihonbashi. Though the phone is ears and mouth of the business stock. To get just one line, Nomura had to wait two years. No wonder that the emerging black market for buying and renting a telephone line. Nomura appointed special attack to get a call from Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NTT). Then in 1948 the government needs money and seetiap people who buy a particular stock gets a phone line. No wonder that sells government securities. Addition of manufacturing, who have never dealt with the exchange, the sudden interest in buying shares directly on sale. Get a new phone line was the first step. Can get a relationship, another matter. All must pass operator NTT. Nomura's time in office every morning phone call should ask first and then got the connection. So every pang should hold close to the phone. If it rains all day jam. The best way of talking directly with customers. Even now stock pialanga leave the table at the time of closing stock to meet customers. Selling stocks is a tiring job because Tokyo transportation system was still minimal. There is one subway lines, trams, buses, taxis and private cars of the two. After the war there was a lot of Renault taxis that run with charcoal. Difficult to get gas, because only certain American soldiers and officials received ration gasoline. The driver of the car to get rid of the boot and put the charcoal burner behind his car. To save fuel, the taxi driver was not traveling for passengers, but no one wants to wait until the ride. When the axis behind the new lit. Flames sometimes spread to other parts of the car and not the driver rarely have to put out the burning car. Bus is also the same way, but using wood burning is not quickly run to run the machine.Until now transportation is still a headache for Japanese salesman. They had to drive around to see the customer after the exchange is over. That means at a standstill, because the employee's time to go home. Armed with a small gift such as a box of candy, notepads, kaleder or piece of research, a salesman can visit up to 25 customers a day.Beginning in late 1950s of top personnel from the offices of the largest Nomura was given a car with driver to take them to the customers after the market closed. The rest could be rushed to the car to bring the car pul remaining. Because who quickly he can. Who did not get the vehicle can take a taxi, on foot or subway.'s No wonder that Nomura, each year receives thousands of parking ticket. Nomura has a good relationship with the metropolitan police officials to resolve minor violations.Nomura became the biggest customer of the taxi service, also in the cities outside of Tokyo. Obviously if the taxi companies scrambling to become customers. However, not all the hardworking salesman. Once in a while they also want to watch a movie or a relaxing drink. In that case they usually do not use taxis subscription. Nomura has a big mouth and ears. Suppose caught boss, you should not pretend to know.Regulation of insider trading (trading based on what is known in advance) in Japan, is also less strict than most other developed countries. Provide confidential information is the most important way to foster good business relationships. At Nomura, dissemination of relevant knowledge to follow a clear hierarchy. The first is informed, the top managers themselves, politicians who have a good relationship, according to the company and the importance of foreign brokers, the last turn is the salesman.So far, the influence of Nomura in Tokyo Stock Exchange, added old big plus. It influences not only from Nomura turnover volume alone. 1986 Nomura managed to persuade the company to close the tap financial Kaneoka his money. Speculators are usually there to get a loan large amounts of money. Nomura thereby knowingly causes the exchange rate down. The goal is to drive smaller traders speculators from the market. Nomura once successful, enlarge its own shares in accordance with the instructions of the founder of the Nomura, the stock should be bought if you all want to sell. With the tips, Tokushichi Nomura II, when it was 28 years managed to make a profit in 1907 amounted to nearly three million yen.

Cavities Day

In Japan known several important anniversaries in addition to the amount authorized holiday 13 days in a year. Important days that are no related to religious activities, ceremonies traditional and important day created by a profession or a particular group. Anyway, as the world health.
Every June 4, there is the prevention of dental cavities. Why choose that date? Because writing June 4 in Japanese, read mu shi. Whereas mu shi ba drawing this Japanese mean decayed teeth. Then be on June 4, as the Day of Prevention of tooth decay. On that day a dentist in Japan overflowing with patients. But do not be envious of other doctors first. Because there is another day to experts the other. To expert Ear Nose Throat, there are are two day harvest the patient. August 7th, defined as the Nose. Society Japan are reminded for maintain the health of noses their. While dated March 3 is the ear. Three Japanese drawing this March readable mi mi, while the ears in Japanese is mimi. Because equation vowels that make March 3, chosen as the Day Ear.
Additionally March 3, is also an important date for the life of Japanese girls. That date is Day Hina Matsuri or festival dolls. The girls usually display doll hina consisting of a stuffed rough, a puppet queen, three ladies and five musicians. The price of a set noneka beautiful can Samai millions of dollars. While displaying and decorate dolls hina such the girls pray in order that them obtain marital life who good someday. That said, if the girl waste collection hina dolls they are, then their married life would be wasted anyway.

Source: Haneda Okari

Smart Card Ready to Shift Credit Card

Carrying large amounts of paper money is certainly not practical, as well as unsafe. Similarly, demand deposits (checks and giro), which although quite safe, not always promise practicality. You can imagine how difficult that must be to open a check every time you shop at different stores and not necessarily willing to accept your check. In 1950 plastic money was first introduced in the United States with the goal of providing a practical means of payment and security to the community.Subterfuge banking plastic money in the next stage, be used to circumvent U.S. banking Banking Act Peper-MC Fadden. Laws enacted since 1927 it has been dispelled opportunities U.S. banks to open branches in other states. Law was formed by the U.S. government worried that the financial strength to be centered on a single bank, if the certain bank  managed to build networks across the United States. But with the credit card, direct marketing support and computer network, a bank in New York to extend credit to its customers in Washington without having to have a branch there. The success of Citibank New York to build retail bank through a credit card marketing in the United States have created laws Pepper-MC Fadden tooth loss.The secret is in the chips plastic money is not always practical, because sometimes we have to wait just long enough to sign the bill that is being written cashier. In addition we are also hard to control spending, because spending when we do not know how big we are spending on the following days. Credit card system also cause traders to lose the opportunity to enjoy the cash, because there is always a lag time between the purchase of goods by the cardholder with the payment by credit card companies. This is one reason why credit cards are not widely accepted in shops. By adding one or several microchips on credit cards, these problems can be overcome. The presence of microchips made of plastic money can be programmed to record all purchases and always displays  final transactions customers' financial position. Another plus, the funds can be transferred directly from the customer's account to the merchant account in the bank so there is a transaction. But when customers use credit, then at the time the transaction occurs, the bill will soon be listed on the customer's credit account and the same amount of funds immediately recorded in the merchant account. Because of this sophistication, this card is worth in dubbed smart card.Able to think and remember smart card technology in the mid 1970s by a French company called Innovatron. But progress is less rapid. Process perfected only takes up nearly a decade. New in 1982, smart cards tested in the country of his birth and for the first time be used as a debit card. In this function smart card is like a checkbook with extra capabilities that allow cardholders can instantly transfer money from his account to a merchant account. Course for success of this transaction, the merchant must have a smart card reader and a special terminal that is connected to the computer's central bank. In principle, all smart card versatility comes from the ability of logic and memory. A bit microprocessor with a capacity of 4-8 plastic card making it capable of thinking. Important data such as account numbers, passwords and financial information of the card holder is stored in volatile memory. To save memory, most of the smart card producer complete cards with electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) chips or electrically

Erasable Read Only Memory (EEROM) chips.EPROM chips on all transaction data is stored permanently and can only be written once. As a result, it quickly filled chips and cards can not be used anymore. While the chips EEROM useless data can be removed to be used again so that the card can be used any longer. Because of all abilities come from chips, smart cards are often dubbed electronic money.You can have it Actually, at the time still being in the lab, smart card technology has taken over the French telecommunications company to use the phone card. Phone card technology is simpler. Phone cards can not be found on microprocessors and logic chips instead is a more modest called programmable logic arrays. Smart cards in the United States have been tested since 1985 by Master Card International to study the possibility replace credit cards. At the same time his main rival, Visa International does not want to miss and announced immediately to develop a smart card. Ability not only to be able to transfer funds directly, but also can display the latest financial position, counting, storing addresses and medical data. Smart Card is a more sophisticated so-called super smart cards which have the form thicker and has a keypad and display.  Bank Seriousness it can threaten the credit card business, it turns out the banking industry is very keen to develop smart card. This is understandable, because it turns out the bank during busy with paperwork, sending checks and receipts. With smart cards such affairs can be reduced.Electronic money has a great chance of replacing credit cards, but there are still some things that need to be solved. Smart card in order to be accepted in every place, the electronic card reader and the central computer connection must be propagated. In addition to the smart card issued to manufacturers that one is always different from the other manufacturers, so it takes a different reader. That would complicate the universal acceptance of electronic money. And if the only smart card to take over the role of the checks, the customer can no longer use checks backward, because every time there is a transaction, customer funds can be directly transferred to the merchant.Source: Jacking E. Victory

Tulip, Legend became Reality

Among the millions of flowers that bloom in Keikenhof, the Netherlands, most needed to see at the time I visited there was a black tulip. According to some sources I've read, the black tulip black actually developed by Geert Hageman living in Oude Niedorp, a village near Amsterdam.Turns Hageman personal or corporate interest where he acting (Triflor-van Dam) did not participate. But instead I was able to enjoy the beauty of the black tulip. "Queen of Night" was registered by J.J. Grullemans in 1955 having previously been known in the market interest as the Black Parrot, Black Beauty, and Black Pearl. In fact it only purple tulip old. Interest "black tulip" He eldest called Tulipe Noire by its inventor, EH Krelage in 1891. The color is also closer to purple than black. According to Jas Versteegen, Queen of the Night, dark (aubergine) is the "mother" of the black tulip produced Hageman. As fertilizer pollen taken from the Wienerwald, varieties of tulips that are purple with white stripes on the petals.At first, tried to cross varieties Hageman.  His tulip Noire, Black Parrot, Black Beauty, Yokohama and Golden Harvest in several combinations possible. although the last two yellow varieties, these varieties in select Hageman because they possessed several characteristics such as height and shape of the leaves, and flowers. Not because of the color. However, the resulting hybrid flower then none are black as expected. Hageman earned which is also the chairman of the Federation of Tulip Development Association (Vertuco) which was established in 1979, has become a reality on a night in February 1986, after waiting about seven years from the first time a cross pollination between varieties of Queen of the Night with Wienerwald . What is imagined by Alexandre Dumas in 1950 became a reality.

Source: Robert M. Delinom