The Best Time Choice to Exercise

Exercise can be done anytime, morning, afternoon or evening depending on the activities of each person. But the truth is, there are certain times where with exercise, can improve optimal health and maximize calorie burning. "The best time to exercise depends on every people and the extent to which they routinely do," says exercise physiologist and spokesperson for the American Council on Exercise, Jessica Matthews. Here are the exact times for exercise.
1. Morning
Exercising in the morning to start the day by burning more calories through body and get energy and accelerate metabolism. Eating a snack rich in protein and carbohydrates balanced, like a smoothie made from frozen fruit and yogurt can also initiate activities in early days before exercise.2. By eveningIf you want to find a nice atmosphere to work at 4 and 5 pm to choice the right time, at which time the body temperature is at its highest level. Research shows for the afternoon, more flexible muscles, strength is at its peak and the calories we're at a low level.3. When a sore throatWhen a sore throat and runny nose, exercise may help overcome them, said Thomas G. Weidner, professor at Ball State University. His research shows that exercise when ill condition of body condition as it can boost mood enhancing hormone.To avoid the sustainable fever, exercise should be done half of normal intensity and done at home so as not to spread germs to other people. In addition to restorative yoga DVD or a 20-minute walk along the stretch also no harm done.4. During menstruationWhen menstrual and stomach cramps, the first thing that is usually done girls snuggle on the couch. But endorphins, hormones that can make you feel better is released when a person exercising. By doing so, improves mood and menstrual pain will be reduced. According to exercise physiologist at Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stacy Sims, menstrual periods can be a prime time to try the treadmill or the gym. That is because the shift in hormones during the menstrual period can make you feel stronger and recover faster.5. Sidelines working timeWhen stress due to the amount of work, exercise not only can improve mood and reduce stress but also provide benefits to the job. Brisk walking five to ten minutes around the office can also be a good alternative.6. When tiredWhen daylight, may often feel tired or sleepy, so almost no energy. Sports when tired has more than relaxation results nap. Sport can accelerate blood circulation and oxygen. If you want to direct energy, try exercising 20 minutes to sweat. Happy exercising.

Bicycle

New in 1816, Karl von Drais of Germany perfected it by making the steering wheel can be rotated to the left and to the right. So the bike does not have to stop first if you want to turn. Creation called draisine, and Von Drais regarded as "the father of bicycles" are not ridiculed.

In 1855, Pierre Michaux of Paris refine them further by installing pedals and crank on the front wheels. So people do not need her footing on the ground again. Completion of the sale as a "velocipede". Velocipede with front wheel drive it encourages the creation of other variations. Enlarged front wheel so that the foot pedal that moves the better, because the crank is made longer than that of the small wheels. Created the popular high wheel in 1880. But while it was in the year, 1879 Bate of England Croydon can also make the bike faster way because the pedals and rear wheels equipped with rope pulleys that run, so that the driving force is used unnecessarily large as on the high wheels. Due to the rapid Croydon bike advertised as the Flying Dutchman, though the flight is only 10 miles per hour.

In the same year HJ. Lawson created a bicyclette (two small wheels). Compared with the high wheels, small wheels the same bike, it could be safe to use, does not often drop people to harm. Bicyclette offered as bicycle safety. But because of cursing and chain pulleys are toothed as mobility aids, bicyclette bike was mocked as a crocodile. Pulinya teeth did not bite if pinched feet.

New in 1885, J.K. Starley of the Netherlands succeeded in presenting the results of perfecting the chain with a toothed pulley, but did not bite because the pedal was moved between the wheels under the saddle. Given lager wheel axles and bike sold as Rover, because it is guaranteed to wander further afield. This is recognized as a pioneer of the modern bicycle. Dutch big wheeled bike, 70 cm in diameter so that the saddle. Understandably the Dutch consumer bike "Fiets" is his height. People who are short should happen to fall, when he rode the bike Fiets stop. Wheel is also made higher than the saddle, so riders can still sit up straight. No slouch just as a racing bike riders.

Accesories

Like a modern car, bicycle ancient times also comes with an assortment of accessories, such as the brakes to reduce speed, the standard holder that will not tip if the bike is parked and lights for the night. Not forgetting the bell or trumpet blown by the wind from the kneaded rubber ball. Such trumpet now only found on bicycle carts baker.

Around 1940 more sophisticated variation of the bicycle accessories. There taillights, turn signal lamps, luggage rack and basket  place. But there also gives the chain cover (so as not to bite) and fender, mud deterrent not to squirt to the back. The bike was actually given household protector rear wheels, to prevent it from the child's foot lift  into wheel spokes are lifted

In pairs

In the pre-war era Dutch Japanese first, our highways dominated  by high bicycle was made in the Netherlands. Fongers brand, Gazelle and many Batavus  used by the district and the students. Only the wealthy merchants who use Raleigh bike made in England. Raleigh bike models still have sex. If men have a crossbar framework that ran at the top between the two wheels. If female, the upper beam is not there, but it is curved in the subordinate. Bicycles made women, because the women who wear long skirts or cloth may not ride a bike man. Modern era bike then only unisexual, all male. But women can only ride this bike home wearing trousers. New in 1970, the construction of a sports bike appear slimmer with smaller wheels, diameter 60 cm. Iron pipe bolt it down so it is parallel with the pipe under the framework going forward. This bike is virtually unisex. Men are not ashamed to drive it because it's not a bike bicycle women. Women also do not get yelled at if you ride a bike because the bike was not a man.

Around 1970, there was a mini bike wheels smaller than the bicycle wheel sport. Only 40cm in diameter. The bike bicycle into Indonesia as children, but adults too worn. Especially domestic workers who were sent to the shop to buy cigarettes. Author among other reasons that children can rider her footing on the ground when stopped. For adult use that extended up the saddle height is still fairly reasonable. This bike is a modified form of frivolous but half the riders were happy to just see it as so funny when swirling  pedal more often, because the shorter crank. He reminds us of a circus clown.

Sport with gears

Only then found a way of making aluminum alloy and aluminum titanium iron circa 1980, made sport bike that does not need to lean like a bike unisex. Pipe skeleton made great again, but still lighter than the old steel bike. At this swollen sport bike accessories various discarded, including fender. It is estimated there will be no mud splattering, because the bare bike is only used for sports when the weather is nice. To exercise in the open the way up the mountain down the valley made MTB, mountainbike. Wheel mounted the same height as the saddle so that the rider should sit a little duck. It is said that the attitude of this bending is more aerodynamic rider drove the smallest wind resistance. MTB gear given to further alleviate swirling Then again uphill rider can move the gear to a large gear, which makes swirling    lighter. Later when running flat again persnelling be moved back to a normal tooth. Giving gears on this bike is already happening on a bicycle in 1900, but as we know the new bike in Indonesia imported about 1930, among other bike brand Raleigh of England. After World War II, the more sophisticated gear bike as it is now. Later, as more and more people who want to cruise the city by bike on the plantation, but that is not the mountains, produced touring bike. Some of which can be folded to serve the purposes of a tour of the plantation that far. The bike folds wearer transporting the baggage car and arrive at fresh opened again to be boosted. After completion of foldable bikes used again to be transported back to the city.

American youth are not satisfied with the MTB is less flexible then produced another bike equipped tracking per-per shock absorbers in order to ride a bike rider durable. Of tracking variations bike models are made more insane form of BMX (bike moto-cross) to explore the rough streets of the country area. Obviously construction is more solid and not easily fall out if bumped or stone cross often fall turn roll over slippery roads. To work in such a smooth flat road in city parks, or roads that are closed to the general protocol, produced  ATB (all terrain bike) which is a compromise between MTB and city bike. Both MTB and ATB made more elongated frame. The distance between the steering wheel and the saddle far enough (about 70cm) so that passengers must sit bent. This is different from city bike saddle, about 50 cm. Rider sits more upright, not hunched over short distances need it. The bike is not a sport or race bike, but the tool transportation in the city. Usually used by executives who get bored in a car, while the distance places just close his departure. To be saved, city bike riders are encouraged to wear safety helmets.

Bike racing

As early as 1868 there was a need to create a racing bike. When the ceremony was held for the first time cycling in Parc de St. Cloud, Paris. But just after World War II, racing bike was developed more rapidly again. Bike should be lighter and leaner at the same time make it more aerodynamic. Wheel rim is made narrower. So the barriers and road friction can be reduced a lot. Of the author always been iron, then aluminum titanium and carbon later, to pursue waivers. The most advanced materials used for a variety of advantages. In order for a racing bike and rider comfortable, curved handlebars made more downward as if riders want to dive because so bending . Wuss .... Congratulations cycling.

Bleach Germ Bhuster

Clothing bleaching technique is already known by the ancient Egyptians before Pharaoh era. It was  hundreds of years before Christ, until about the year 1700, the bleaching done by the Egyptians. Namely by holding a cloth on the grass. Clothes they used a sheer fabric, which is not cut according to the pattern of fashion clothes. With the help of the sun's heat, the fabric on the grass, it can be pale white. This could be an old white-white, white and white were young dependent state. Sunlight can bleach fabrics we can prove that we hang colored clothing. Eventually this outfit so dull color. That's why we buy apparel from garment factories were given instructions, but do not be left in the sun dried in the shade of the roof alone. The ancient Egyptians also believed, bring in the deployment of solar thermal underwear reinforcing fibers to be durable. Confidence that makes sense if we remember that the cause of the clothing is not prolong  bacterial decay that undermines the cotton fibers from the cloth. With a degree in the hot sun in the spoilage bacteria was annihilated. Cleaning cloth while freeing germs in modern times was also performed by drying, but the crackdown bacteria carried by chemical drugs.

In 1700, the cloth weavers in the Netherlands found that Potassium Hydroxide it can also whiten fabrics. Even faster than the sun. Cloth dipped several times in a solution of potassium hydroxide, and then immersed in liquid milk leftover butter making. After the fabric is rinsed in water and held that white sunlight. Whitening cloth in this way is called Holland cloth. Why did they bother to whiten fabrics? Not because it would be shades of fabric and colorful images. Raw materials must white clean, so the results are not dull coloring. Bleaching process is not done then the grass field again, but in a textile mill room, before the material into cloth. Candidates fiber woven fabric bleached with bleach wasted that can vary its kind. Usually Sodium Hypochlorite, for cotton and flax. Material soaked in a solution of Sodium Hypochlorite substance for 2-20 hours, then rinsed with a solution of dilute sulfuric acid before drying. This solution prevents not to bleach it works so outrageous attack fiber cloth.

Wool and silk Hidrigenperokside bleached with a solution. This substance is releasing oxygen bleach, but not to attack the course material but their droppings. Wool handling sometimes also used sulphurous acid. The sour brimstone after joining of wool dyes to form a new compound that is colorless. If soapy water and then rinsed soft (containing potassium soap), then the material is left in the original color. More brilliantly again because it is free of dirt.

Later, bleaching agents are more practical use in the form of powdered calcium oxychloride. Substances such as calcium oxychloride complex arrangement of parts were not steady, consisting of Ca (OCl) 2 and CaCl mixed CaOH2. But sometimes simplified as CaCl CIO.

4H2O, a very unstable substance is a white powder smell of chlorine. In the water he was quickly shattered, releasing chlorine that is destroyer of germs. Because the substance that makes pale any goods, ranging from cloth to marble floors and porcelain tile, it is a powder that he circulated as bleaching powder. But often also referred to as bleach alone. While whitening ingredient, bleach also destroy germs the clhor loose with it. Chlorine is toxic to bacteria.

Ability as disinfectant then used to disinfect towels, pillow cases and sheets are due to the width and thickness of the surface is not entirely washed carefully. Also the floor where the children play, the bathroom floor, kitchen floor or other parts of the house that needs cleaning as it can be disinfected.

Calcium oxychloride can not be used for wool fabric, silk or fur coat color is not because the material is colored, but the original is colored so that the color does not fade. For domestic purposes is usually used Natriumperborat tetrahydrate. This stout substances used in household detergents and cleaning companies. Being able to release oxygen, he served as an oxidizing bacteria were crushed. Unfortunately only moderate efficacy.

Whiten substance to another household is diklorodimetilhidantoin (DDH) in the form of a white powder which is a bit of chlorine. When dissolved in water, it releases Hipochlor acid, HOCl little by little. Acid is a potent bleach textiles and fibers as well as an antiseptic.

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So that the Dog is not Greedy

Dog whose name is , sometimes hard to to compromise, especially when we're at the dinner table. The animals usually have to sit and get ready to wait granting the employer. However, now there is a way to educate so that the dog does not have bad habits, namely by not getting used to provide food outside official mealtimes.

For a house dog extra food between meals is fixed, is considered unhealthy. So belly gets stuffed by the food eaten by the employer. As a result, dogs can be overweight or even sick. Yet it is often overlooked by the employer. Give your pet before you yourself are still sitting at the dinner table. Also do not give your dog leftovers. If you do that, consequently, there must be the result. If the dog still persisted, presenting pieces of onion or orange before the nose. Gradually, the dog will eventually keep distance   as far as we had hoped.

Air Therapy for Asthma

Alexander Knies  just finished moving clothes to the new cabinet last night.  It turns out that his head after he was sick and nauseous. The next day his head dizzy. According to the results of the examination the doctor, Alexander allergic to synthetic plitur new furniture. Not against synthetic plitur he allergy, his mother Mrs. Brigitte Knies remember that several  weeks after a swim Alexander always looks tired and went to bed. He looked haggard and no appetite. His body was also often itching by clothing and even after shaving. According to the doctor, Alexander allergic to dust and small creatures.

Alexander is not alone. In Germany alone two and a half million children the same boat. "At last ten years diagnose allergies are getting better," said Dr. Fees Rainer, an allergist at Children's Hospital Soehospiz Norderney. "Unfortunately to date there is still presumed allergy stomach or intestinal infection, even pseudokrupp."

Allergies can be:

- Colds

- Asthma

- Neurodermis (whole body or part of fold itching)

- Migraine, circulatory disorders, diarrhea and nausea

In children is difficult to know what is causing substances they are allergic. Small children especially allergies to foods such as milk, eggs, soybeans, pork, wheat, fish, nuts and oranges.

Usually the doctor will ask the symptoms, whether the child's skin itch after eating certain foods. If still not clear, the child was forced to undergo a diet to find the cause of allergy.

At first the child may drink water only, then eat food little by little, until ultimately the cause he caught food allergies. If the cause of the allergy is discovered, just replace the substances that cause allergies to other substances. For example, cow's milk is replaced with soy milk, substituted pork beef, citrus fruits replaced with others. However, children often do not want to understand. While their school break bread with friends or exchange buying  favorite food in the cafeteria.

Not only children, parents also sometimes less consistent. Dr.. Sybille Scheewe, nutritionist tells the story of a mother whose son is forbidden to drink milk. The mother gave her milk if the child whining.

If the mother is allergic, Dr. Sheewe advise as follows:

1. During pregnancy do not only eat certain
2. Begin six months of pregnancy and during lactation, not too much to drink cow's milk.

When her allergies, she advises:

1. Until the child is six months old, should not be given additional food or juice.
2. Until children a year, avoid fish and eggs that often cause allergies.
3. Children whose skin is often compromised not be orange or sugar. Also avoid preservatives, coloring and flour. Instead give cereal every day (havermouth).
4. Food composition must be known, if necessary, ask the manufacturer.
5. If allergic to dust, ashes home should always be free, do not use carpets, curtains and mattress cotton mattress but disposable foaming. Do not use an open rack, do not use a framed painting

World of Map

If Christopher Columbus had never stray into the Bahamas archipelago east Cuba in 1492, the possibility of a weaver's son from Genoa  will not be famous as the discoverer of the Americas. Though it was just a coincidence. Actually, he meant to the Indian, who was then the intention is India, China, the Netherlands and Japan. He sailed to the West while the sailors and merchants sailed to Europe when the East was to reach the place. Columbus was not intended to prove that the earth is round, as most people believe. Columbus just want to take a shortcut to the Indies, but he never got there. Because, Columbus still rely on homemade map of Claudius Ptolemy, a famous cartographer of Greece in the third century BC. Though the map is incorrect estimate the magnitude of the earth and the width of the Atlantic. It is appreciated that the types of errors that occur. That the land in Java, is described as a sphere by Sebastian Munster. However, do not be taken lightly other works. Even with simple equipment Cartography German expert was able to present a map of Africa in 1540 whose shape is similar to the African continent as we see on the map now. Development of map making (cartography) could not be separated from the development of science and technology. After the rediscovery of a book written by Claudius Ptolemy's Geography's, growth engraved printing techniques and also techniques cruise around the discovery in 1500, experienced the Enlightenment cartography. This is evidenced by the birth of a map of the works Gerhardus Mercator, the first modern atlas homemade Araham Ortelius in 1570, and a map of the decorative work of the 17th century Saason.
Dutch authorities who pioneered the mapping activities in Indonesia. The lines almost the entire coast of the Indonesian island is pertain from the sea with their ships. Later, the Dutch also perform measurements on the ground to create a topographic map. After the Dutch lift the foot from Indonesia works was followed by the Indonesian government, in this case the Bureau of Topography is now known as the Army Topographic Directorate. To be able to describe the appearance of the earth's surface such as coastlines, the road twists and turns, winding rivers, lakes, rice fields, and so on required network reference points or control points on the ground. This point is determined by the network triangulation method with the intention of any mutually known reference point position from each other by distance, direction and height differences. Distance, direction and height difference is measured using a theodolite.
The officers in the Dutch must ride down the mountain especially when setting the primary control point. The primary point is deliberately placed at the top of the mountain in order to reach long distances and at the time of measurement is not derailing view. From the primary point later determined also secondary control points within about 25 miles. So from the point specified secondary tertiary point is about 10 miles and a quarter point distance of about 0.5 - 1 km. Any sightings in the earth's surface to be mapped measured one at a time from the point of reference. Based on this point projection lines drawn. Measurement results was then transferred into a manuscript map with a certain scale according to its own needs. Here then cartographical work begins. Manuscript map trimmed. Data such as the name of a river, or the city is written in it, as well as the location of important places. City and mountain depicted with certain symbols that have been agreed in cartography.
When the emerging technology of photogrammetry (aerial photo above measurement techniques) that started to develop since the mid-18th century, the process of making the map as a whole is becoming increasingly fast and easy. People no longer take measurements directly in the ground, but aerial photographs over the area to be mapped. When the Dutch first set of control points with triangulation method, is now positioning control or points coordinate  it could detemined  with the help of satellite navigation. For mapping global scale, people rely on photographs or satellite imagery that is captured is done via satellite resources (land Satellite). The area of the earth's surface that can be covered by satellite my source is an area of 185 x 185 km square. While extensive aerial photographic coverage only about 12.5 x 12.5, sq. km.
Survey through the air and space is high accuracy rate, faster and more efficient.

Now the map is not only presented in the form of sheets of paper, but more likely to be shown via a computer with a digitizing system. So the future involves satellite mapping resources for data collection and image recording surface of the Earth, the satellite navigation to determine position and control points for prosessing  computer data and presenting information in the form of a map. Data processing and presentation of information through a computer is known as Geographical Information System. GIS has been developed for the purpose of air navigation, sea and land as well.

Do not bend the ironing time

Ten years Eibe Gunter, stretch distance drivers suffer pain dipuggungnya. The more the situation gets worse until he had to quit his job. He was injected, massaged, sulfur bath till terai warming. But to no avail. Through computer tomography was found that the joints of his spine was so worn out, so it must be operated on immediately. After surgery, he still had to rest for two weeks in Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Clinic Bavaria before being sent to Schaufling, Niederbayern. There ongoing trials of new therapies for the backbone originating from Sweden. Its leader is Dr. Thomas Laseer. According to head of spine treatment clinics in the Free State of Bavaria, now the number of patients with spinal pain increased thirty times of the last ten years. The main cause; lack of movement and the wrong attitude. Especially when lifting objects. Place the patient exercises that helped. They are trained to avoid the wrong attitude, which is usually done and learn the correct posture, and movement exercises specifically for back muscles. Movement when lifting a stroller or cart of beer. Bent wrong. Runs right resting on knees and lifting weights. Also in performing daily work at home. time to iron, bending, position it would be detrimental to the backbone. The truth is elevating our waist-high iron table and to alleviate the backbone, one foot placed on a footstool. Similarly, when vacuuming, keep up the vacuum cleaner and the hose is held in such a way that we, but upright stance.

Horses

Now the horse is not so important anymore as a means of conveyance, as driven by the iron horse (train, car, bus and so on). But the name of the horse stud farm and the term is still used for four-wheel vehicles. Mustang sedan borrowed the name of a horse race American Indians descendants of Spanish horses. Pick up car porters to borrow a phrase from the horse Colt toddlers, and senenis Bronco jeep to borrow a phrase from the wild horses that have not tamed the western United States. Nevertheless, people are still breeding horses. A small portion was glad to see the horses pounding told to race. But other people who are not fond of horse racing gambling, horse mamakai for circus performances, parade or carnival and hobbies. Some others prefer longer wear it as a riding horse. It feels really sensational. Mostly use it as a traction wagon train transporting goods and passengers as deleman, dogcart. Horse pull which we often see on the streets of the open race so special that continues directly born ready. Previously, they horse-riding as well, but as a child after the birth of wild horses, tamed and trained to be a performance horse. For example, trained mengemut iron bridle and sign language training, how to start running, turn left or right, when it began to start running, signaling when to stop running. Horse physically and mentally healthy fast indeed be taught to react to even the most gentle gesture. For example, must step forward if the bridle is pulled slowly, but had to retreat when suddenly pull taut and held on. New stops backwards, if loosened to pull off. To be able to pass the exam as a dray horse, well trained horses running in a crowded street full motorcycle exhaust deliberately leaked. He should not be captivated his attention by passing mare. Horses should also be firm in heart, for no horse gallop alone pursue the opposite sex who were running in front of him.Recreational horse

Horseback riding for another recreation conditions. His run should not be arbitrary, but good for people who sit at the top of his back. Not every horse race has a trait "nice ride" it. In America has developed two popular breeds today that American sadle Horse and Tennessee Walking Horse, who had initially generated by the planters of the South to ride comfortably in the tour that is being held vast cotton fields. One of the famous race horse riding great, but is not necessarily comfortable riding Arabian horses. Tenacious famous Arabian horse, as his ancestors had always been developed for use in natural arid desert less water and less food. Arabian horse Arabian horse is recognized as if the shape of her body completely balanced and have characteristics outside the Arab criteria. Hidungya wide hole like a lion's mouth, bulging black eyes and slender legs strong.Horse SportsThis horse was born and trained as a horse for the great achievement. Americans already have associations that can train a horse to be a horse athletes. Amerkan sadle Horse and Tennessee Walking Horse as a very professional horse training. They also sell a very high quality horses. Ranging from foals, until the horse is ready to race. Want to try?

Pegasus (equine origin)

Horse ancestors who first fell to earth is "descent" afterlife horse Pegasus. Thus storyteller version of Greek mythology. Pegasus was a winged horse that was born the son of Poseidon from Medusa. Poseidon is the god of the sea and storms, being the queen Medusa the snake-haired monster head. Winged horses they fly the marriage chamber space and captured by Athena, goddess of wisdom born from the forehead of Zeus; god sun god concurrently Chairman of the Board. This goddess tame the flying horse with a bridle of gold. Among the gods there is also a gold mine. When the nine children of Zeus, goddess Muses, singing party held at Mount Helicon, rivers join the choir, until the mountain was so light and the sky grew up menuyundul. Poseidon panicked. He ordered Pegasus to hold the mountain by foot stamping. Pegasus successful, so from the former appears injakannya Hippocrene spring. The water inspired the poet to write poetry.On one night, Athens presented to Bellorophon Pegasus, a human prince is not a god, to destroy Chimera; lion-headed monster. After successfully killing the Chimera, Bellorophon become arrogant and unwilling to promote him to be a god himself. Pegasus did not like the cocky, arrogant prince and threw it to the ground and died. For the sake of justice, punishing Zeus Pegasus with mengorbitkannya as constellations forever. You can still see it in the northern hemisphere autumn sky until now.Creatures all continentsVersion of the palaeontologists, the first horse down to earth is the origin of the word Eohippus ancient horse Epoch (kala) Eocene (Tertiary age period), Era (Cenozoic era). Approximately 55 million years ago. Not mentioned in history, where it came from this Eohippus. Suddenly he was there in the face of the earth. It's narrated by the remnants of a fossilized in Wyoming and Utah, North America. Eohippus just for dogs whose height is 38 cm. His legs were still four fingers. From the first landing place in America, they spread to the north along the west coast, then inland to Siberia through the isthmus that is now the Bering Sea digenagi water that once was dry. From here they spread to Mongolia.

During the deployment of millions of years later, they evolved into Mesohippus in the Oligocene period (35 million years ago). Besaru Mesohippus over her body, roughly sebesaru gray hound racing dogs half a meter in height. His toes stayed three. Millions of years later "middle horse" is growing bigger to Merychippus in the late Miocene, approximately 26 million years ago. Merychipus height of 1 m, two toes and hang shrinking margins, not touching the ground. Only the fingers are still able to tread the middle ground. New in the Pleistocene, about 1 million years ago, two toes marginal shrinkage mengantung it at all. Staying middle fingers growing and become "foot" modern horse, Eguus. The high is approaching high horse kia know today, Eguus caballus. Ancient horse that spread to Mongolia that is first thought to lower the first modern horse Eguus przewalskii. This type of horse was found in 1870 in the mountains of Altai, Mongolia by Nikolai M. Przewalskii. The shape is not changed, since his ancestors were painted by the ancient Cro Magnon (European ancestry), on the walls of the Lascaux Cave, South West France, 35 thousand - 8 thousand years before Christ first. He was most similar to the modern horse Eguus caballus. Suddenly the Glacial period, between 1 million years and 8 thousand years ago, ancient horse became extinct in North America and disappeared from the face of the earth. Perhaps shivering with cold. North America does not have the ancient horse again.From the Mongols to the MustangFortunately, from the group who crossed over to Mongolia once it (besides lowering also decreases the Przewalski horse Mongolian horse, caballus Eguus Mongolicus) there are those who moved to the warmer south. This then lowers the Middle East horse, caballus Eguus Orientalist, who would lose Parsi horses and Arabian horses. The Arabian horse there that was brought to Spain when the country was colonized by Muslims from the Middle East. When the Spaniards themselves become invaders in South America, they invaded the Inca Indians of Peru while riding a horse. Peruvians think that the leadership of Francisco Pizarro's cavalry battalions that invaded in 1532 was not an ordinary man, but a kind of centaur creature from outer space. Inca armies only gape, when Spanish soldiers fell hit by an arrow and left to run his horse. Among the horses before it also brought Fernando Cortez to Mexico in 1519, there were abandoned and wild life, spreading to the north. This then lowers the Mustang horses (from Spanish: Mestenyo) that inhabit the desert hunting Winnetou and Geronimo.

Venture

If you are turned down by banks and not managed to get help from other financial institutions, where would you go?

If there is an intelligent mind finding a new device, such as a general-purpose computer that is small, light easy to use, and then want to create a company that manufactures computers it what should he do? He can go to the bank to ask for credit. But it turns out that banks ask for collateral not owned. In addition, many banks requirements are not met. Where should he go? He can sell his invention to a wealthy businessman and he got the money. But it was only obtained. Instead the rich businessman was able to create a new computer-producing industry findings. Industry was then developed. Who is the most profitable?

Facing such symptoms, on the initiative of a number of people, born lelmbaga financing without collateral who dare to take risks, which is called the Venture Capital Company. With the financial institution is the inventor can come to the company and the venture capital provider for help. The assistance can be in the form of capital or funding. Venture capital firms that after seeing the results of his findings would argue that it is a result of the discovery of new goods to be sold are marketed. That's why venture firms wanted to help.

Big Risks

After that there will be negotiations between the inventor with venture capital firms. They agreed to set up a company. Dare venture capital firms provide start-up capital in the form of funds sufficient Yag while the inventor gives an invention as an investment. Stock split 85% for venture capital firms and 15% for the inventor. After five years of venture capital company shares will be sold gradually to the inventor with certain premium plus an annual dividend, so that eventually one day the finder will have the entire company. Such a form of cooperation established venture capital. Form of cooperation that can be assorted with diverse requirements. The difference with the bank is a venture capital firm does not ask for collateral, because the high risks it faces. Because of this high resoko venture capital firms ask high.Therefore reward venture capital requirements are usually heavy. Negotiations usually run hard. Because venture capital firms do not want to lose money, because it demands the cooperation proposals examined in depth. While the inventor also think a thousand times that if the company later evolved not annexed by venture capital firms.

Venture capital is critical views of functions. Many companies are successfully developed with the help of venture capital. But the venture capital firm that also worked very carefully. Because in a lot of people a great idea and brilliant minds that should be developed. Many amazing new discoveries. But it's important to venture capital firms is whether it's a brilliant idea and if financed invention can provide a profit? On the other hand the inventor should have a basic knowledge of the company before he had the initiative to develop the invention commercially. If he wants to propose a project to the venture capitalists he should be able to explain how established companies looking to form joint venture capitalists, marketing. development at a later date and that it is important how the help of venture capitalists will be returned.

In addition to the discovery of new finance, venture capital firms are also willing to help a company that has gone the way. For example, a good company but a shortage of working capital or good companies that lack of funds and so on. The venture capitalists who want to very select projects they finance. Usually they are more interested in manufacturing projects are projects that produce the goods. They are not so interested in the project services, such as transportation on a potential new area, restaurant or retail goods. In America most of the selected projects are projects in electronics, high technology, biotechnology and medical devices. Why is that? Due to manufacturing project more clearly so that the venture capitalist growth can quickly decide when they can finish work together. If the company that aided're lucky, venture capitalists will sell sahamnyha with high premium, then look for a new project. Meanwhile, if the company is not successful, venture capitalists may propose settlement, such as selling the company concerned or liquidation.

Nike and Apple birth of venture capital

About fourty years  ago in America grew from venture capital groups private businessman. Basically they are the venture capitalists. They do a selection of tens of thousands of the proposed setting up a business, such as computers, biotechnology and health care ultra modern. This venture capitalism exploded from the end of 1979 and the early 1980s and attracted the attention of the professionals in the field of business. For example in 1979, the venture capital firm in San Francisco called Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers staked U.S. $ 200,000 in a small biotechnology company called Genentech. When Genentech sold shares in 1981, the original stock price quickly rose $ 35 to U.S. $ 80 per share. Kleiner Perkins investment return with value eight hundred times. However, the failure also been experienced. For example, a company that received capital assistance venura, Osborne Computer, loss of U.S. $ 18,000,000 and only gets hit in 1983 after a management overhaul. Pizza Time Theatre fall bankrupted and forced through the court with a loss of U.S. $ 100 million more. However, other profitable projects encourage venture capitalists to continue its operations. The advantage can be 25% compound interest, so the story of the failure is usually quickly disappear, while successfully expanding into tales that are told. Many companies in the U.S. that started with venture capital and is now a part of American life such as Nike, Hagen Dasz and People Express. Meanwhile, Apple is also built with venture capital and sell shares on the stock over the counter, now become an international company. People are usually less well-known within the scientific community. Such as Arthur Rock, who was sixty years earlier. He is a venture capitalist who, among others, finance Fairchild Semiconductor, which has become a conglomerate Teledyne in California and Diasonics that produce medical devices. People Express was once a capital gain of William Hambrecht, a venture capitalist from San Francisco. He also financed some of Silicon Valley companies like Convergent Technologies that makes computer software.

Ventura on a pension

Club venture models arising in 38 American states. The small-time investors who want to participate in the venture capital game, held a luncheon meeting to invest around U.S. $ 10,000 per project or more. The participants were given the opportunity five minutes to decide in favor of a project. There is also a venture capital meeting the more rigorous. There are a number of states are investing venture capital firm of drawing including Indiana, Connecticut and Colorado. The amount of capital which meant covering more than U.S. $ 1 billion. University of Utah engineering company supports over 25 bioengineering, including Symbion, a company that produces the Jarvik-7 artificial heart. Time in America there are about five hundred venture capital firms, which combined form and invest in a large number of projects worth billions of dollars. Capital is no longer owned by venture capitalists, but from pension institutions, financial institutions and wealthy individuals who entrust their money. Venture capital firms have asked the management costs of the source of funding of between 2% - 3%. If the project is aided gets hit, they will get a share of 20%. Many banks in the United States who now form a subsidiary company engaged in the field of venture capital. Large companies bleak Ford Motor, Monsanto, Xerox and AT & T are now also involved in the venture capital business. Dikaakan that the venture capital industry is now the capital shower. Most of the venture capital activity centered on activities such technology in Silicon Valley, California, along the coast line between Baltimore and Philadelphia and in technology zones around Denver and Colorado Springs. With the proposer businessman near their venture capitalists may find the idea at an early proponent. Besides the venture capitalist likes to gather to exchange tips and talk nisnis.

Not thrive outside the United States

The webs are so vast and the other between the inventors and investors, it can not flourish in a country outside the United States judgments. In Germany, financial institutions are conservative and which controls the capital market and money market, rather than the banks lend money through participating in the venture capital business. As a result, a small company in Germany when the life of bank credit in the second round of credit may fall in the hands of the bank. In France, major companies are now controlled by the government do not seem too interested in the venture capital business. In Japan, banks are able to turn famous export, prefer to invest in drawing this giant company that has been running strong. They do not encourage entrepreneurs through venture capital. In other countries in East Asia, investors would prefer to play the land and the building and did not want to give aid to the unsecured high risk. Only in the UK, with the encouragement of PM, American-style venture capital can be sufficiently developed. Four years ago seventy members of the British Venture Capital Association, infuse U.S. $ 412 million through venture capital. A year later that number increased to approximately U.S. $ 525 million. But an accountant stating that the venture capital industry in America has been more ripe and running away, while in Europe people still belajar.Sementara that many rich people from outside the U.S. to invest in venture capital in America. According to the Journal of Venture Capital invested U.S. $ 19,600,000,000 in the form of venture capital until 1986, approximately U.S. $ 3,000,000,000 is entrusted capital from abroad. According to a venture capital firm mostly monthly meetings are meetings with people overseas who want to invest in venture capital in America. A venture capital firm other states, pounding on the door as if to collapse in investment demand from abroad.

Courage aside

Another reason why people in the country want to buddy venture capital firms in the United States is high skill in setting aside the bad project. These skills are difficult to obtain in other countries. Stanley Golder tells that the venture capital lallu Golden, Thomas & Cressey tells that in 1999 the company should consider a new idea that was rejected 1,200 in one hour. Finally the only company selected six new idea. For projects that infuse its U.S. $ 8,700,000. Venture capital firms are now deepening its reach. If necessary they will incorporate new management, providing advice and marketing operations and provide additional capital if necessary. For if his efforts fail, he will swallow the bitter result. According to a study, usually a new venture will achieve results after changing two to three times the leadership. Sometimes venture capitalists themselves will intervene. Arthur Rock is known as a venture capitalist in 1983 Diasonics help managers get out of financial trouble with the reorganization.

Today

Later, the venture capital industry in the U.S. is rather loose. After peaking venture capital investment in 1983 reached U.S. $ 3,400,000,000, next year that figure fell to U.S. $ 2,600,000,000 that show too cautious attitude. More and more venture capital is used to finance a company that has gone the way, shows venture capitalists are less willing to take risks. However, among other states, optimism that venture capital will show new results. Successful venture capital support efforts to make new anticancer drugs, the manufacture of synthetic insulin, other medications and hormonal disease that accelerates the growth of hybrid plants. Born on computer super computer that could replace the main frame by means of a small size that can be placed on the table. The project was financed with venture capital.

The Hearing Aid Secrets

For Andrew, the roar of motors, crying babies, the sound of the bell and the door close is the most wonderful vacation experience. When people yearn for peace with vacationing deserted area, Andrew actually go to a crowded place. View wonder people do not make it uncomfortable. For him, the noise, it is very beautiful. Because Andrew previously deaf. Now an electronic ear allows him free from silence.

The point of a microchip

Andrew is first patient at Marien hospital, Duren-Birkesdorf, Germany artificial ear fitted by prof. Paul Banfai. Systems engineering and micro electronic switch was developed at the Institute Fraunhof, Duisburg. Core of this prosthesis is none other than a microchip. Magnitude only 36 mm square. The chip stimulates the auditory nerve with artificial electrical waves. For a healthy ear, the task is carried out by the fine hairs on one of the inner ear membrane. Inner ear called the cochlea that is behind the eardrum and the small bones located at the tip of the ear canal. Center line the cochlea was only 7 mm and filled with fluid that will move with the sound wave. Fine hairs that will automatically resonate and transform the movement into an electrical signal. Complex process that is taken over the chip.

Doctor Michael Bollerot engineer who played a role in the development of electronic ear Fraunhof Institute explains the function of the chip. "Chip has a large amount of electrical current that helps to form a signal called a pulse. Loud faint sound depends on the strength of an electric current. Signals coming sooner the higher tone." But not only the chip implanted under the skin, but also high-frequency receivers. A receiver that is heard and present it to the chip. Chip and receiving equipment that only the coin. The planting operation is only normal operation.

Just for those who are deaf

The first artificial ear is still technically simple discovered by dr. William House of Los Angeles nearly two decades ago. Prof. Banfai estimates there are 50,000 deaf in Germany. Half of which is expected to be endowed with artificial ear. Until now, only about thousands the world deaf ear can hear again thanks to electronics. Five hundred of them live in Germany. Besides in Duren, they obtain help in Hannover Medical School, university clinic in Kiel, Heidelberg and Vienna. But only a few people who wear a prosthesis with artificial chip Fraunhof Institute. Before undergoing surgery, Andrew must first undergo a variety of tests. Because the condition that the person who truly deaf. Prosthetic it is not suitable for people who suffer from hearing loss only. For them there is a separate tool. Surgery time semicircular incision made behind the ear. Prof early. Banfai will broke through into the cochlea. In the cochlea which was mounted a small metal plate with 16 electrodes consisting of very fine wires. The electrodes connect directly with listeners neural chip. Small box contains a chip and a high-frequency receiver is implanted directly under the skin. Prof. Banfai course does not include the metal electrodes to the inner ear. Why direct insertion was full of risk.

Although there has been technical improvements, users still need a lot of exercise equipment, in order to understand properly. For example by giving a test sheet content on some parts, for example, be a ten-word. Then a tape recorder playing. Object should be a mark on the list every time I hear one of the words that have been defined. If the patient has been passed in this test. continued training with the rest of the sentence. Until finally, Andrew can participate in normal life thanks to the artificial ear. Even the experts still disagree, the patient was quite pleased. Hearing for Andrew is a miracle.

You ever lonely?

Whether it's lonely because losing your girlfriend or wife, or livelihood, or because you are indeed anyone who likes to be alone, there is always a way to overcome them. Palling turns out that lonely people are teenagers not adults. So according to extensive research Dr. Ladd Wheeler, professor of psychology at the University of Rochester and Dr.Philip Shaver, professor of psychology at the University of Denver in the United States. Why just teens? Because teenagers have yet to find their identity. "Their world is not structured and they have not found a suitable place in it." Teenager who tried to live separated from their parents and families experiencing the most difficult time in testing the ability of social psychology. "Once you become an adult you will know how to cope with the loneliness," said Shaver. The researchers mentioned two categories of loneliness:

- Lonely as a state

Lonely because circumstances may occur if you suddenly go to a new place or lose a loved one. You will continue to feel it until you find a new friend or get a replacement lover. Such loneliness in middle age usually occurs when changing jobs either because of being fired, promoted or retired.

Lonely as character-

This occurs because the bleak loneliness you may have lost a parent in childhood, either due to death or divorce. You fail to develop your social skills or lack of self-respect. All of the above make an easy get hurt or feel rejected.

Women are more sympathetic

Wheeler argues that there are two findings from the study on the subject of loneliness in Rochester:

- The more often a person to spend time with women, generally the less they feel lonely. This is true for anyone, both men and women. It is probably because women are more sympathetic and concerned with the lives of others.

- People will not feel lonely, if they have a meaningful relationship with a man and it applies to both women and men. Wheeler explained that if a relationship to be meaningful, the relationships involve a lot of openness, a lot of intimacy.

The University of Denver study also showed similar results. In a lonely middle-aged group have anything to do with marriage. Husband seems less intimate. In their relationship no open communication. "For example, many women who complain that they often cry after their husbands sleep. Problem is they feel there is no communication with her husband," said Shaver. People who are divorced or abandoned by their partner dies desperately need social support and sympathy.

Do not compare yourself with others

"People increasingly feel lonely when he compares himself with people who are happy. Excitement could be seen of daily life, but can also be from television or a particular program that shows the ideal family life." Shaver feels that the TV can not cope with feelings of isolation. "People are lonely watch television for distraction, as an alternative social life. Yet simultaneously they turn off the TV, the interaction was also dead. They had never participated in any activity."

According to Shaver tackling loneliness key is to focus on other people's feelings, interests of others and the needs of others while trying to forget the trouble yourself. Shaver also suggested that people who are lonely it is to follow the activities of a group that has in common with either his personal politics, cooking or religious activities.

Learning to hear

"You deal with people who have the same values ​​and you can develop a solid friendship." Study professor Shaver and his colleagues also found that lonely people are usually afraid of being alone. They are not used to seeing the positive side of loneliness as a time of rest, reflection or listening musk. People who know how to fill the loneliness usually do not feel lonely. Wheeler also seen the impact of loneliness on emotional and physical well-being. "Women seem to be more alone than in men. Yet it may be because men always keep the image of courage and believes a masculine man does not deserve the impression of loneliness," he said. Wheeler concludes that in order to cope with loneliness one has to learn to develop social skills. "We have to learn how to express themselves on issues and the lives of others, how to be more assertive and be a good listener."

Source: Ruth Winter

Fugu

The typical fish-shaped and clearly different from other ordinary fish that is okay. So by carefully separating it from a collection of other fish that are not toxic, unnecessary accident actually occurred. Pufferfish body is not flat like regular fish, but rather like stomach. To ensure that the fish are actually poisonous pufferfish, usually checked anyway shape teeth. Parallel jaws teeth have grown to be one. At first glance resemble a bird's beak. Both the upper and lower jaws rahas, teeth are fused along the width of the mouth is separated by a gap in the middle, so it looks like a puffer fish toothed only four long-term. These properties later

Lunaris Gastrophysus

Lunaris Gastrophysus . Lunaris like banana, yellow banana unpeeled, if you're flaring, ears like a rugby ball, when it's bulging, looking gold fish pufferfish Tetraodon pufferfish Fluviatilis fish-like bananas, but his back pictorial leaked balls. Wrapping the fish oil has a picture Arothron reticularis like Diodon Hystrix like durian fruit durian that are inflated. Thorns nothing but the scales on their skin alone that has changed shape. Maybe because Linnaeus first not familiar with durian then he buys name hystrix (hedgehogs) to wrapping durian. The Englishman then called porcupine fish. We do not be tempted to articulated porcupine pufferfish but stick with pufferfish name durian. Both bundles banana, coconut and durian usually live around coral reefs but sometimes there are also entering the river mouth by the sea. There's even going home and caught freshwater environment. Type Tetraodon Palembangensis even sedentary life in freshwater Musi River, until it can be exported as an ornamental aquarium fish freshwater to the Netherlands via Singapore. There is another type of pufferfish that live in the

Diodon Hystrix

Pacific Ocean, known as the fish rubripes sphaeroides globe fish, because it can be inflated like a globe that was not spiked. Globe fish are used as delicatesse in special restaurants which exert koko berijawah authorized the government to process the poisonous Globe fish Fish. Wrapping the box type Ostracion tuberculatus also spiked. He swam in the Indo Pacific seas with bone plates covered bodies. His appearance and stiff like kstaria armor of the 11th century. Parts of the body can still move just the tail, dorsal fin and pelvic fins alone. Meat is not eaten by people but the box is dried for sale to foreign tourists. Wrapping the type horn Lactoria Formasini like wrapping boxes as well but given his forehead big thorn that stuck to the front. May be used for ramming enemy but it is likely also only display  other fish to scare children.

immortalized in the name of their tribe. Tetra (four) odontidae (the toothed). Wrapping the fish bananas, or sphaeroides

coconut shell on its back is brown. Whereas pufferfish

Tetraodon pufferfish

Tasty but toxic

Wrapping the fish to be able to pump her body with a round balloon swallowing the water (or air when he was out of the water) until the stomach is full. Belly skin prickly little then expands like durian swelling. Because the spine is now standing upright. Then unattractive engulfed by wild fish.

If it is not able to move bloated fish floating upside down but with the belly on top. Wrapping the fish meat a delicious banana too, is not surprising because their diet daily in the form of a delicious seafood as well as shrimp, clams, oysters, squid and sea cucumbers. But there are deadly behind the target deliciousness. Anyone who is not careful process. Gonada (ovarian) and liver (liver) contains a highly poisonous toxin tetrodotoxin. Levels of 10 micrograms per kilogram of body weight alone was lethal for mice. What else more than that. For humans can be deadly. Ancient fish pufferfish toxin widely used to poison the tips of arrows among the population of Micronesia to injure the enemy. Toxins from attacking faction is neotoxin nerve paralyzing the respiratory muscles and menggangggu. Victim of a cold sweat. But usually vomiting weak cold sweat before symptoms appeared. If the victim vomiting drugs so quickly given back most of the venom spewing from the belly is usually given in addition he helped the rest of the antidote that neutralizes the poison. If you have not had time to circulate throughout the body, the toxins can still be addressed by medical personnel.

Safe processing

Fugu Fillet

Accidental poisonings usually occur because no fish processors sorting fish will jeis diolahnya by type. Usually small fish (under 8 cm) are not sorted yet. However, fish processors educated and responsible've since from when buying fish at the fish auction auction began sorting. Only a safe type of course chosen. Wrapping the fish poisoned deliberately handled carefully. Section clearly Gonada and liver toxic, so cultivated right by the restaurant chefs who serve fugu, fish offal agara not break apart when separated from the body of the fish. Offal is disposed and absolutely should not contaminate the fish meat. After washed fugu meat thinly sliced ​​once so easy and tasty chew. Because fugu meat was rather tough. Cut it with a special knife that had previously been washed clean and not polluted by this toxic fish bile. Processing which meet the standards of a good quality and safe make consumers remain alive.

Source: John Soeseno

Victorinox

Equipment brought one man on his way to the Space Shuttle to the outside taking folding knife is made in Switzerland. Mount Everest climbers and expedition members to the same pole armed with a knife. Similarly, various countries soldiers. Red white trestle folding knife that was not foreign to young nature lovers. Victorinox small knife red rounder. He said, and could be due to the size of a half-inch figure which can have various equipment, such as: knives, scissors, saws, files, bottle opener, screwdriver, magnifying glass, tweezers, pen, until toothpick. Even the so-called army knife survival kit, have many more, including a compass, in its sheath. Imagine if conventional equipment that must be taken. How many kilos should we cooperate? How much space should be devoted to putting a chainsaw? Victorinox knife measuring 5 x 1 cm can only have a knife, scissors, toothpick, tweezers nail edges dankikir dipapas order to function as a screwdriver. Of approximately 100 owned Victorinox designs including the most well-known is the model Champion. Champion has 16 equipment while weighing only 160 grams. The most complete has 19 equipment that has 32 functions. No wonder that the knife was a lot of copies are sold at a cheaper price. Unfortunately, the only way that emulated the toughness of the knife because it is in quality. Victorinox material made of hardened stainless steel, crushed and honed until it reaches the desired size. Tolerance that allowed just 0.02 mm. Assembly was carried out carefully so that the blade easily opened and folded again. To make the necessary Champion 348 action, so eating a long time.

It's beyond expectations is one of the grandson of the founder of Victorinox Knives Factory Indosesia lived in since 1960. He even a citizen of Indonesia named Agatho Elsener. Agatho Elsener his face looked so much like his grandfather. Elsener Agatho a priest who had lived in a dozen years Sanggau, Borneo, before settling in Cisarua, West Java. Agatho priest born in the same house as the cradle of the first Victorinox knife is in Ibach. Current corporate leaders Elsener family is her brother, Carl Elsener III. "Our ancestors had been seeking a hat factory and shop. Later his grandfather Karl Elsener learn to make knives in Zug, Switzerland. Karl even went to Paris and Tuttlangen in Germany to work making razor and surgical tools. Upon returning to Switzerland he opened a workshop themselves in Tabelbach, Ibach. Currently it is dated January 1, 1884. knife was done by hand. machine only to hone run by waterwheels. Karl already know the benefits of advertising, because it's in the papers he introduced himself and privileges in addition to offering services repair and grinding. Victorian mother of Karl, the son sell products in hat shop in town not far from Ibach Schwyz. Currently the shop is on the lower level a large house in Ibach. At the top level there are several apartments, one of which Karl Elsener family residence . Shortly after Karl married and a year later, on July 31, 1886 their first son was born, named Carl.

Karl Elsener developed the business because many people are satisfied with the product are made of material which carefully considered the most good. 1890 Karl Elsener took the initiative to invite his colleagues to form associations draftsman knife makers in Switzerland so that they together can produce knives for the Swiss armed forces. When the Swiss government is still buying knives made in Solingen, Germany. Large contracts from the government led to Karl should increase the capacity of his shop. Karl fun designing models of sophisticated folding knife. There is a folding knife whose blade called a schoolboy, cadet knife, knife blade farmers and officers. Officers blades are lighter and more graceful than the regular army knife. The knife has many uses. If the knife had only had one and a knife-blade on one side only, and now has a two-per-blade knife on the two sides. These are the two basic models of the knife officer. The knife officer versatile consists of 6 sections that success to be replicated everywhere, but do not forget Karl Elsener patent. German who is experienced and has a good name in perpisauan soon flood the market with Karl mimic knife. To face competition Karl improving product quality and usability. Karl saws and scissors add to the folding knife. Began in 1909 Karl menerakan Swiss emblem on the knife-shaped cross in red making it easily recognizable as an officer of Swiss-made knife.

Victoria + Inox

In 1909, his mother, Victori died. In honor of Karl mother chose the name "Victoria" for the company's trademark. It soon became the dominant brand of quality and precision of Swiss-made knife that won many gold and silver medals in international exhibitions.

Then was in  World War I. In difficult circumstances, Karl Elsener died. In accordance with his will his eldest son, Carl, and two other sons, namely Hans Alois and continue its operations. At that time Carl II was still a bachelor. Like his father he also learned to make knives out of the country. Three years later he married Elise Gut. Although it had given birth 6 times, Elise worked diligently in their company started the morning until late at night. He did it for the full 62 years. After the war the three brothers Elsener struggled to climb again. Hans chose to move to Bulgaria to manage cement plants uncle while Alois later opened his own workshop in Zug knife so stay with Carl II in Ibach.

In 1921 became known stainless steel. Carl did not waste the new discovery. Sebera knives they wear Inox (stainless steel). Their products are trademarks was wearing Victoria is now the "Victorinox". Agatho Father to four children to Carl II, recalls that since I was in elementary school he had to help his father's business. If it will be going to school he shoved a small stroller to contain a knife from the store in Ibach Schwyz. In the holiday season sometimes he may apprentice in his father's office. Since childhood Agatho and his brother were used to hearing a conversation about business knife at the dinner table, they also carry a pocket knife. "In order not to accidentally stab edges blunted." Agatho said. Workshop they continue to evolve. If it was just below the level occupies an old building in Ibach, now they have set up factories in the vicinity. Their family moved to a better house. Carl II proud to social security that he gave to its employees that durable although they are required to work carefully. Even in the Depression years of 1930 - 1936 employees laid off nobody. Companies encourage employees to save money and establish a fund.

Carl II are maintaining the quality of materials and the manufacture of its products. He also brought an innovative spirit among its employees and did not hesitate to spend capital for renewal. In 1931, the government built the first steel hardening shop in the world that is run entirely by electricity in Ibach. Carl II also pleased overseas magazine subscription. From reading he could smell a war coming from Germany. He was ready, inter alia, the basement complete with ventilation and emergency WC. If it can not produce them on the ground, under the ground can be thought. It turns war really broke. Carl II fixed blade factory production so the government is studying their foxholes and encourage other manufacturers to emulate. In times of war they can not export the Swiss army knife but asked for a knife so much more than before. Domestic demand has increased so as factories need to be widened to two times, while the number of employees from 117 people to 199 people. They also make the machines themselves, according to their needs. Agatho brother, namely Carl III and Eduard, began co-manage the company. They still hold the helm until now. After the war they had to enlarge the factory over again. Carl II works day and night to the extent of abandoning oneself. Carl II died in 1950 at the age of 64 years. Tinggalah his wife and two children struggling to renew the production process to meet the growing demand, tackling salary increases and cost, while trying to suppress the price and compete with other plants at home and abroad. Because the world is not a little blade factory. Solingen in Germany and Sheffield in the UK is the center of the blade factory that already have a name for a long time. In the 1969 recession and the fuel crisis in the years 1974 to 1977, they would increase the plant to meet market demand.

When Lyndon B. Johnson replaces Fiztgerald John Kennedy as president of the USA, he ordered 4,000 Victorinox pocket knives are given a golden initials for a keepsake for guests at the White House. Reagan and Bush also turned out to carry on this tradition. Victorinox apparently considered beautiful that New Yorks Museum of Modern Art put it in their design collection. In America this knife is very popular, is the GI first use in World War II and after. Not to kill but to save lives. For example to cut branches for kindling a bonfire, or cut clothing is stuck on a plane that is on fire and so on. "I use a Swiss army knife since the age of 16 years," said Sir Ranulph Fiennes, a lady who once dubbed "the world's greatest explorers who are still alive" by the Guinness Book of World Records. He is the only person ever to explore the North Pole and the South Pole.

Not feel the blade factory in 1984 to celebrate the 100th anniversary. He was known in 90 countries. His name is hard to remember but the appearance of red white trestle was well known. In America there is even a Swiss army knife fan clubs with more than 826 people from nine countries. Now Victorinox factory requires 1,200 tons of steel for the most flattering changed to 7 million knives a year by modern machinery. Among them there are 650 employees who work only engineers continuously improve quality. No wonder that Britain and Germany were now buying knives from them. Currently in the world there are more than 2,000 plants, but only 6-8 blades greater than Victorinox. In this case pitch Victorinox knife number one. What's the secret to 105 this year remain on top even though many other rivals?

"We never missed maintain product quality by continuously choosing the most appropriate materials and do seseksama possible," said Agatho. Agatho not hesitate to continue the family business. His brother Carl III having 11 children already includes the fourth generation, while the fifth generation are emerging, although still small.

Source: Agatho